African migrations toward Turkey: beyond the stepping stone

Information Extraction as a Stepping Stone toward Story Understanding

Historically, story understanding systems have depended on a great deal of hand-crafted knowledge. Natural language understanding systems that use conceptual knowledge structures [Schank and Abelson, 1977; Cullingford, 1978; Wilensky, 1978; Carbonell, 1979; Lehnert, 1981; Kolodner, 1983] typically rely on enormous amounts of manual knowledge engineering. While much of the work on conceptual kno...

Stepping Stone Detection Analysis

A Stepping Stone to Pluripotency

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells via either expression of transcription factors or addition of small molecule chemicals only. Zhao et al. reveal a unique intermediate state during chemical reprogramming allowing a significant improvement in its efficiency and kinetics.

Stepping Beyond the PKI Pilot

Despite much of the negative publicity that it has suffered recently, Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) continues to play a critical role in underpinning security on the Internet and other potentially hostile network environments. In such environments, it is common to deploy secure protocols to deliver one or more standard network security services (authentication, confidentiality protection, int...

Stepping toward therapeutic CRISPR.

Most new technologies for manipulating gene expression in mammalian cells are accepted at a relatively slow pace. Occasionally, however, a new technology is so robust and fills such a critical niche that its adoption is widespread and rapid. Fifteen years ago, duplex RNAs were such a technology. RNA interference (RNAi) in mammalian cells was first demonstrated in 2001 (1) and within 2 y RNAi wa...